Comprehensive Analysis of Windscreen Wiper | Bone vs. Boneless | Functions, Principles, and Types | DIY Replacement Tutorial

The main function of the Windscreen wiper is to clear the rainwater, dust, snow and other pollutants to keep the glass transparent and clear. If there is no Windscreen wiper, even a light rain can seriously affect the driver's vision and increase traffic accidents risks。

The working principle of the Windscreen wiper is to repeatedly swing the water scraper with a motor to drive the Windscreen wiper strips close to the glass surface to scrape away the rainwater on the glass surface. At the same time, the water paddle system will work with the water sprayer. When using the water paddle, you can spray cleaning liquid on the glass, which can more effectively clean the dirt on the glass.

In addition, some high-end and modern car models are equipped with rain-sensing water paddles, which detect the amount of rain through sensors and automatically adjust the speed of the water paddle's swing, improving convenience and safety.

Currently, vehicle water pumps in Hong Kong can be divided into two main types:

Bone Windscreen wiper (hard bone structure)

Traditional design with a metal frame. The sturdy structure distributes pressure evenly on the rubber strip, providing good contact and wiping effect.

Boneless Windscreen wiper (boneless structure)

Also known as a cartilage windscreen wipers, this type uses an elastic frame with no exposed metal frame, allowing it to conform more closely to curved glass surfaces, providing even scraping and minimal wind resistance. However, due to its lack of a metal frame, the paddle can be more susceptible to bouncing when used on oily or grimy glass, affecting cleaning effectiveness.

Hong Kong is dominated by Japanese and European cars. Japanese cars generally use U-joints, and most are fitted with a rigid aquaplane as standard. European aquaplane connectors, on the other hand, often have specialized specifications. Before removing them, consult your vehicle's owner's manual for instructions. These connectors typically have latches and buckles.

Rubber: A traditional material that is soft but less durable and easily degraded by sunlight and pollutants.

Graphite: The surface of the strip is coated with graphite to reduce friction and make brushing smoother, suitable for general glass.

Silicone: Containing silicon, it has a natural water-repellent effect, forming a coating that allows rainwater to drop off, improving visibility while driving. It is also resistant to aging, but comes at a higher price. Furthermore, some silicone water repellers can repair water-repellent film on glass, making them suitable for owners with existing glass coatings, achieving even better visibility. 

Step 1: Check Windscreen wiper standards

Refer to your vehicle's owner's manual or use a ruler to measure the length of the original aqualine. Note that on some models, the left and right aqualine lengths may be different. You will need to first determine the length and connector type, or remove the original aqualine and purchase a new one from a dealership.

Step 2: Pull up the Windscreen wiper arm

Raise the wiper arm to its supported position. Note that the wiper arm is spring-loaded; if it leaves its supported position, it will immediately rebound onto the glass. To avoid scratching the glass, it's recommended to place a towel over the glass beforehand. Additionally, some European models require the wiper lever to be raised after the vehicle is turned off. Consult your vehicle's owner's manual for instructions on how to raise the wiper.

Step 3: Remove the old Windscreen wiper

Press the clip on the back or bottom of the wiper and gently pull out the old wiper. The clip design varies slightly between different car models, with some models being push-on and some being slide-on.

Step 4: Install the new Windscreen wiper

Align the connecting end of the new Windscreen wiper with the buckle of the wiper spout arm, press or slide it in to secure it. Make sure there is a ‘click’ sound, indicating that it is firmly fixed. After completion, remove the protective strip on the rubber strip, and then gently place the Windscreen wiper back on the glass surface. Do not put it down with force to avoid damaging the glass or the Windscreen wiper.

Step 5: Start the inspection

Turn on the water scraper and observe whether it operates smoothly, ensuring there is no jumping or abnormal noise, and that it can effectively scrape off water marks.

• Determine size and connector

Most models come with two front wipers, while rear wipers are primarily found on hatchbacks. Note that the two front wipers differ in length, so please confirm the appropriate size and connector before purchasing to avoid installation difficulties or compromised performance.

• Complete replacement

It is recommended to replace the left and right wipers at the same time to avoid uneven wiping effect caused by having a new one and an old one.

• Regular replacement

It is usually recommended to replace the water wiper every six months to a year. If there is abnormal noise, it cannot be scraped cleanly, or the rubber strip is cracked or jumping during use, it should be replaced.

Avoid using a wiper on dry, wet glass to prevent accelerated wear of the rubber strips. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight when parking to slow down rubber aging.